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Agenda Digitale: Artificial Intelligence – What is the Impact on the Three Pillars of Our Society
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
March 31, 2025

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By Pierluigi Casale (Associate Professor and Area Chair in AI of OPIT, Open Institute of Technology)

AI is revolutionizing institutions and education, but also our daily lives, improving decision-making and energy efficiency, city management, and personalizing learning. Current choices will determine the future of this technology, which must remain a support for humans and not an uncontrolled substitute.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now at the center of a global debate that touches on regulatory, ethical, geopolitical and applicative aspects. Its evolution, from an experimental technology to an essential tool for analysis and automation, has led to the need for a clear regulatory framework and responsible use.

In my role as an official of the European Parliament, I work on the implementation and oversight of AI systems within the European institutions, contributing to the regulation and management of the challenges that this technology brings. It is important to underline that this article represents only my personal opinion and in no way represents an official position of the European Parliament.

Europe and the regulation of artificial intelligence

Europe is tackling the challenge of regulating AI with the AI ​​Act Regulation, the first comprehensive framework for this instrument. The aim is to find a balance between innovation and the protection of fundamental rights, preventing big tech companies from shaping legislation to their advantage.

Artificial intelligence is nothing more than advanced software and, as such, must be carefully regulated. If used correctly, it can represent an extraordinary opportunity to improve the efficiency and accessibility of information, but it is essential to avoid abuse and market distortions. Something is moving. The AI ​​Act came into force on August 1, 2024. Starting from February 2, 2025, new restrictions have been introduced on some AI practices deemed dangerous , while from August 2, 2025, the full application of governance rules and obligations for general AI models will begin, including verification processes to ensure compliance of AI systems already in use in companies and institutions.

The Ethical Challenges and Risks of AI: Bias, Privacy and Autonomy

Yet there are still several aspects to be fixed. One of the most evident problems of AI concerns algorithmic bias. Facial recognition systems, for example, have returned discriminatory content towards ethnic groups not adequately represented in the training data. This is a clear signal of the need for more inclusive and transparent models.

But there are other open problems: regarding privacy, for example, some AI models (such as DeepSeek) collect sensitive data, including the way we type on the keyboard; the issue of the spread of fake news or autonomy of choice is also always current, just think of the risks that delegating critical decisions to AI in the medical, legal or financial fields can entail. Regulation must ensure that AI remains a support tool and not an uncontrolled substitute for human evaluation.

This is the starting point. If established, shared and guaranteed, then AI can truly be the fulcrum around which the industrial revolution of this century revolves. In some areas it is already like this.

The impact of AI on three pillars of our society : institutions, education and daily life

Once this perimeter is defined, artificial intelligence can have a revolutionary impact on three fundamental pillars of our society: institutions, education and the quality of daily life.

AI in Institutions: Opportunities and Limitations

In institutions, AI can improve the efficiency of decision-making processes, data management and infrastructure security, contributing to more transparent and responsive governance; in education systems, it allows for personalizing learning, supporting the development of digital skills and reducing inequalities in access to knowledge; while, in terms of sustainability and urban management, it offers solutions to optimize energy consumption, improve mobility and promote the creation of more resilient and inclusive smart cities. The common thread that unites these areas is the need for synergic and conscious innovation, capable of integrating AI and putting it at the service of man, ensuring that technological progress is not an end in itself, but oriented towards collective well-being and sustainable development.

AI has been introduced in various institutions, including public ones, to support translators, improving productivity and accuracy. Other very advanced systems allow extracting key information from complex legislative texts. AI is used to protect IT infrastructure and manage data. However, there are significant limitations. For example, a large number of these technologies are trained only on majority languages ​​(English, French, German), creating problems for languages ​​whose presence in the digital world is minority, such as Lithuanian or Maltese. Furthermore, with the entry into force of new regulations, it will be essential to verify that all AI systems used in institutions comply with the criteria of transparency, fairness and security.

AI in Education: Personalization and Democratization of Learning

While AI is revolutionizing institutional and legislative dynamics, its impact is equally significant in the field of education, where it offers new opportunities to personalize learning and improve teaching effectiveness. AI is transforming the way we learn and teach. At OPIT, the university where I teach, we use generative AI to personalize training courses, adapting content to the learning style of each student, improve access to information, with tools that explain code and transform programming languages, support students in checking code, identifying errors and suggesting improvements. AI can democratize education, making it more flexible and effective, without replacing the teacher but acting as a Copilot, an intelligent assistant that guides the student on his path.

AI for sustainability and quality of urban life

In addition to transforming institutions and education systems, AI is also proving its value in areas that are crucial to sustainability and quality of life , such as energy efficiency and city management. For example, DeepMind developed an AI system that significantly improved the energy efficiency of Google’s data centres. This system reduced the energy used for cooling by 40%, leading to an overall improvement of 15% in energy efficiency in some data centres. AI now directly controls cooling systems at some sites, again under human supervision, demonstrating the potential of AI to reduce energy consumption in energy-intensive sectors. Or, with products like TomTom’s Traffic Index, it helps redistribute traffic in cities, reducing congestion.

According to one study, using real-time data for traffic management can reduce commute times in cities by 15-20%. In addition, AI could revolutionize urban resource management, although the full realization of smart cities is still far away. The main obstacle remains the lack of adequate infrastructure in public institutions, which often lack the necessary computational resources.

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Il Sole 24 Ore: OPIT reaches its first milestone and celebrates its graduates in Applied Data Science & AI
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
March 31, 2025

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Just two years after its launch, the online and European-accredited academic institution, whose rector is former minister Francesco Profumo, confirms its growth with over 300 students from 78 countries and an international faculty of excellence.

OPIT (Open Institute of Technology), the European accredited academic institution (www.opit.com), has achieved its first milestone since it entered the higher education market in 2023: 40 students from 6 continents have completed the first master’s degree in Applied Data Science & AI, whose classes began in September two years ago.

The graduation ceremony took place at the central Casino Maltese in Valletta, Malta, where OPIT is regularly accredited, in the presence of Francesco Profumo and Riccardo Ocleppo, respectively Rector and founder, the Maltese Minister Clifton Grima (Education, Sport, Youth, Research and Innovation), and Rose Anne Cuschieri, CEO of the MFHEA authority. In addition to the graduates, the guests included some of the internationally renowned professors of the academic institution, such as Pierluigi Casale, Tomislav Vazdar, Art Sedighi and Francesco Derchi.

The projects

The students’ thesis projects have developed on innovative topics: the use of large language models for the creation of chatbots in the ed-tech field, the digitalization of customer support processes in the paper and non-woven industry, up to personal data protection systems and the use of Artificial Intelligence for environmental sustainability, predictive models for the prevention of disasters linked to climate change, the fight against money laundering, new perspectives of generative AI in the legal field (with a focus on Italian startups such as Giurimatrix). All of this has also been developed thanks to the launch of strategic collaborations with partner companies such as Neperia, Sintica, Cosmico, Dylog, Buffetti Finance and Hype, demonstrating the concrete approach and strong practical component that characterize the OPIT training experience.

“Today we celebrate the first chapter of a journey that will continue to grow with a consolidation of the current educational offering, new courses, doctoral programs, applied research and increasingly advanced training opportunities. We are only at the beginning, but this day demonstrates that OPIT is already a consolidated reality in the international academic panorama and a point of reference for those who want to be protagonists of the digital future” – declared the Rector Francesco Profumo.

The degrees

With two degrees already started in September 2023 – a three-year degree in Modern Computer Science and the aforementioned master’s degree in Applied Data Science & AI – and four more starting in September 2024 (a three-year degree in Digital Business, and the master’s degrees in Enterprise Cybersecurity, Applied Digital Business and Responsible Artificial Intelligence, which brings the total offer to 6 degrees), today OPIT is a point of reference for those who intend to take on the challenges of a job market increasingly oriented towards artificial intelligence and technology in the broad sense. Entirely in English and online, OPIT is enhanced by a high-profile international teaching staff, coming from leading universities and companies at a global level: 45 professors with international experience in both the academic and business worlds. Many of them have collaborated with Amazon, the European Parliament, NASA, Philips and numerous other leading companies, demonstrating the approach based on excellence that the institution has pursued since its foundation.

Evolving educational offering

As part of the development roadmap, OPIT is completing the evolution of its educational offering. Alongside the training programs already underway, 2025 will also be the year in which the research area will develop, paving the way, in the coming years, for doctoral programs and aligning itself even more with what universities around the world are already doing. In particular, OPIT has already started applied research projects with some companies on the topics on which its teaching is based: AI, computer science, cloud computing and cyber security. This year, a pre-degree Foundation Program will also be introduced, designed to provide solid academic foundations to aspiring students who do not meet the admission requirements for three-year degrees.

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La Stampa: Artificial Intelligence, the questions to ask yourself
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
March 21, 2025

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By Francesco Profumo

Education must therefore change its paradigm: from a system based on the accumulation of knowledge to a process that teaches how to think.

We live in an era in which access to information has become immediate and unlimited. All it takes is an internet search or a question to a virtual assistant to get answers on any topic. Yet, precisely in a world so saturated with data, a crucial challenge for education emerges: it is no longer enough to teach what to know, but it becomes essential to educate in critical thinking, in the ability to discern, connect and, above all, ask the right questions. After Trump’s election as President of the United States, this need to be able to discern between true and false has become even more important and starting to educate the new generations and re-educate the more mature ones along these lines can no longer be postponed over time.

Until a few decades ago, the value of education was linked to the acquisition of knowledge. Studying meant accumulating notions, mastering facts and concepts and then applying them. Today, however, the context has completely changed. Information is available everywhere, often in real time. The problem is no longer finding it, but understanding which is reliable, which has value and which is, instead, the result of distortions or manipulations. This transformation leads us to radically rethink the educational model: school can no longer be a simple place for transmitting knowledge, but must become an environment in which one learns to reason.

To achieve this, we can look at an ancient and ever-present approach: the Socratic method. Socrates did not give answers, but guided his interlocutors in the search for truth through continuous dialogue. With pressing questions, he pushed them to reflect on their beliefs, to question apparent certainties and to build a more solid and profound understanding of reality. This method, based on maieutics, did not simply transmit notions, but developed a mental attitude: the ability to question, to doubt, to explore with a critical spirit. Today, more than ever, we need to recover this attitude. In a world where technology presents us with a continuous flow of information and artificial intelligence promises to answer all our doubts, what really matters is how we formulate our questions. Knowing how to question reality becomes more important than the simple act of receiving an answer. The advent of artificial intelligence is accelerating the need for an education based on reflection and not on the mere acquisition of data. AI systems can generate texts, solve problems, propose analyses. But those who learn to use them without developing critical thinking risk becoming passive users, unable to distinguish between what is true and what is manipulated, between what is useful and what is irrelevant.

For this reason, the school of the future should transform itself into a laboratory of thought, where students are no longer evaluated only on the basis of the answers they provide, but on the quality of the questions they are able to ask. An education based on the Socratic method could be expressed through lessons focused on comparison, on the critical analysis of sources, on discussions that push students to defend or question different positions. Let’s imagine a classroom in which students do not limit themselves to studying notions, but are guided to explore a topic through open and challenging questions. Instead of explaining a phenomenon, the teacher could start a discussion, encouraging students to think about its causes, its implications, and its connections with other disciplines. Artificial intelligence could also become an active learning tool: not as a simple provider of answers, but as an interlocutor to interact with, to whom to submit increasingly sophisticated questions, experimenting with how the quality of interaction depends on the ability to formulate complex and well-structured questions.

Education must therefore change its paradigm: from a system based on the accumulation of knowledge to a process that teaches how to think. We must train students who are capable of navigating knowledge, not just storing it. In a future where work itself will be increasingly based on the ability to innovate, connect ideas and solve complex problems, these skills will be essential. The great educational challenge of the coming years will no longer be to teach notions, but to cultivate the ability to question the world. The question we must ask ourselves today is not only what we must teach our children, but how we can educate them to think critically and creatively. If we want the new generations to be truly ready to face the era of artificial intelligence, we must offer them something that no machine will ever be able to replace: the ability to ask questions that matter.

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Avvenire: Malta Has the First Online Graduates in Artificial Intelligence
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
March 21, 2025

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  • Avvenire, published on March 20th, 2025

Diploma to the first 40 students of OPIT, Open Institute of Technology. Rector Profumo: “It is the first chapter of a path of continuous growth with new courses”

First graduates from OPIT (Open Institute of Technology), an exclusively online academic institution accredited at European level based in the Maltese capital Valletta. At the end of a study program that began in September 2023, 40 students from 6 continents have obtained a master’s degree in Applied Data Science & AI. The topics chosen for the theses are innovative: use of large language models for the creation of chatbots in the ed-tech field, digitalization of customer support processes in the paper and non-woven fabric industry, up to personal data protection systems and the use of Artificial Intelligence for environmental sustainability, predictive models for the prevention of disasters linked to climate change, fight against money laundering, new perspectives of generative AI in the legal field (with a focus on Italian startups such as Giurimatrix). The theses were also developed in collaboration with partner companies such as Neperia, Sintica, Cosmico, Dylog, Buffetti Finance and Hype.

“With these 40 graduates we celebrate the first chapter of a path that will continue to grow with a consolidation of the current educational offering, new courses, doctoral programs, applied research and increasingly advanced training opportunities”, underlines the rector of OPIT, Francesco Profumo.

OPIT currently offers six degree courses (a three-year degree in Modern Computer Science, a master’s degree in Applied Data Science & AI, a three-year degree in Digital Business and the master’s degrees in Enterprise Cybersecurity, Digital Business and Innovation and Responsible Artificial Intelligence), with a total catchment area of ​​over 300 students from 78 countries and 6 continents, with an average age of 35. 80% of the enrolled population is represented by working students, destined to double based on projections on the number of students enrolled in degrees starting in 2025. This year, moreover, the research area will also develop, paving the way, in the coming years, for doctoral programs and aligning itself even more with what universities around the world already do.

“The success of this first class of graduates represents a significant milestone for OPIT and confirms our mission: to offer a high-level technological education, accessible globally and able to concretely respond to the needs of a constantly evolving job market”, recalls Riccardo Ocleppo, founder of OPIT.

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MediaKey: OPIT and L45 Together Again for Media Relations and Leader Image
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
March 21, 2025

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  • MediaKey, published on February 27th, 2025

For the third consecutive year, Open Institute of Technology has entrusted Simone Guzzardi’s agency with the PR activities and management of the LinkedIn profile of the rector, former Minister Francesco Profumo

OPIT – Open Institute of Technology, an EQF (European Qualification Framework) and MFHEA accredited university institution, confirms its trust in L45 and renews its collaboration for 2025. The independent agency specialized in corporate reputation & employer branding, led by Simone Guzzardi, will support OPIT in strategic external communication consultancy and in managing relations with generalist, economic and sector media, relating to the industry in which it operates (education, innovation, economy). According to an increasingly effective integrated and multi-channel strategy, which characterizes the agency’s approach to communication, L45 will also manage the editorial creation of content on LinkedIn, related to the personal profile of the rector of the academic institution, the former Minister of Education Francesco Profumo.

OPIT is now a consolidated reality, which continues to grow and be appreciated by both students and companies. 2025 is a key year for OPIT. In fact, in March there will be the graduation ceremony of the first students, two years after its birth.

Throughout 2025, the L45 team will support OPIT in the most strategic PR activities to strengthen brand awareness and reputation, leveraging the many visibility opportunities that the panorama of excellent online education offers today. In fact, it is a market that is experiencing unprecedented economic growth, thanks to the growing demand for quality skills to face the challenges of this fundamental transition era. In fact, it is estimated that the global online training market in 2026 will double the value it had in 2020, going from 185 billion dollars to 388 billion dollars, and even reaching, according to some, 1000 billion by 2032.

Thanks to the commitment of the founder and director Riccardo Ocleppo, OPIT has recently expanded its educational offering, including 6 degree courses, less than three years after its birth: two three-year degrees in Digital Business and Modern Computer Science, alongside the master’s degrees in Digital Business & Innovation, Responsible Artificial Intelligence, Enterprise Cybersecurity and Applied Data Science & AI.

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Times of Malta: Students from across the globe graduate in hybrid ceremony in Valletta
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
March 19, 2025

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OPIT held its first ever graduation ceremony earlier this month

The Open Institute of Technology held its first-ever graduation ceremony in Valletta earlier this month, with students joining in person and virtually from across the globe.

The hybrid ceremony marked the successful completion of the Master of Science in Applied Data Science and Artificial Intelligence program by 20 OPIT graduates.

OPIT is a disruptive tech-focused higher education institution based in Malta.

With over 300 students from 78 countries, the institute offers EU-accredited undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in a variety of fields from game development, cyber security, and artificial intelligence.

The graduation ceremony was presided by Prof. Francesco Profumo, Rector of OPIT, and a former Education Minister of Italy.

He was joined by Ricardo Ocleppo, founder of OPIT, as well as Rose Anne Cuschieri, CEO of the Malta Further & Higher Education Authority (MFHEA).

“Our first ever graduation marks a new chapter not just for OPIT, but, and most importantly, for our graduates,” said Prof. Francesco Profumo.

OPIT’s approach to education integrates hands-on experience with cutting-edge technology, offering a practice-oriented curriculum that bridges the gap between theory and application.

    Ricardo Ocleppo, founder of OPIT.

Ricardo Ocleppo, founder of OPIT.

OPIT’s high-profile international teaching staff have been recruited from some of the best universities in the world, including Tier-1 institutes in the US, UK, Canada, Sweden, France, Germany, Italy, Brazil, Poland, Lebanon, and Spain.

On his part, Ricardo Ocleppo shared his reflections on how OPIT is dedicated to producing graduates who are not only job-ready but also prepared to lead the way in an ever-changing technological landscape.

Both Ocleppo and Profumo say they are on a mission to unlock students’ progress and employment on a global scale by providing high-quality and affordable education – a model based on the need for quality, flexibility, inclusivity, and the acquisition of crucial skills in future-ready sectors such as Artificial Intelligence.

OPIT’s student-centric approach delivers a combination of online learning and interactive discussions within a collaborative environment fostering advancement and innovation, including live lessons, masterclasses, videos, quizzes, exercises, and more internally developed digital content that students can access at any time.

With several students and faculty joining remotely, the ceremony also saw graduates present their capstone projects, many of which exhibit real-world applications of emerging technology.

More information about OPIT is available here.

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Sage: The ethics of AI: how to ensure your firm is fair and transparent
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
March 07, 2025

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By Chris Torney

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have the potential to offer significant benefits and opportunities to businesses, from greater efficiency and productivity to transformational insights into customer behaviour and business performance. But it is vital that firms take into account a number of ethical considerations when incorporating this technology into their business operations. 

The adoption of AI is still in its infancy and, in many countries, there are few clear rules governing how companies should utilise the technology. However, experts say that firms of all sizes, from small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) to international corporations, need to ensure their implementation of AI-based solutions is as fair and transparent as possible. Failure to do so can harm relationships with customers and employees, and risks causing serious reputational damage as well as loss of trust.

What are the main ethical considerations around AI?

According to Pierluigi Casale, professor in AI at the Open Institute of Technology, the adoption of AI brings serious ethical considerations that have the potential to affect employees, customers and suppliers. “Fairness, transparency, privacy, accountability, and workforce impact are at the core of these challenges,” Casale explains. “Bias remains one of AI’s biggest risks: models trained on historical data can reinforce discrimination, and this can influence hiring, lending and decision-making.”

Part of the problem, he adds, is that many AI systems operate as ‘black boxes’, which makes their decision-making process hard to understand or interpret. “Without clear explanations, customers may struggle to trust AI-driven services; for example, employees may feel unfairly assessed when AI is used for performance reviews.”

Casale points out that data privacy is another major concern. “AI relies on vast datasets, increasing the risk of breaches or misuse,” he says. “All companies operating in Europe must comply with regulations such as GDPR and the AI Act, ensuring responsible data handling to protect customers and employees.”

A third significant ethical consideration is the potential impact of AI and automation on current workforces. Businesses may need to think about their responsibilities in terms of employees who are displaced by technology, for example by introducing training programmes that will help them make the transition into new roles.

Olivia Gambelin, an AI ethicist and the founder of advisory network Ethical Intelligence, says the AI-related ethical considerations are likely to be specific to each business and the way it plans to use the technology. “It really does depend on the context,” she explains. “You’re not going to find a magical checklist of five things to consider on Google: you actually have to do the work, to understand what you are building.”

This means business leaders need to work out how their organisation’s use of AI is going to impact the people – the customers and employees – that come into contact with it, Gambelin says. “Being an AI-enabled company means nothing if your employees are unhappy and fearful of their jobs, and being an AI-enabled service provider means nothing if it’s not actually connecting with your customers.”

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Reuters: EFG Watch: DeepSeek poses deep questions about how AI will develop
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
OPIT - Open Institute of Technology
February 10, 2025

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  • Reuters, Published on February 10th, 2025.

By Mike Scott

Summary

  • DeepSeek challenges assumptions about AI market and raises new ESG and investment risks
  • Efficiency gains significant – similar results being achieved with less computing power
  • Disruption fuels doubts over Big Tech’s long-term AI leadership and market valuations
  • China’s lean AI model also casts doubt on costly U.S.-backed Stargate project
  • Analysts see DeepSeek as a counter to U.S. tariffs, intensifying geopolitical tensions

February 10 – The launch by Chinese company DeepSeek, opens new tab of its R1 reasoning model last month caused chaos in U.S. markets. At the same time, it shone a spotlight on a host of new risks and challenged market assumptions about how AI will develop.

The shock has since been overshadowed by President Trump’s tariff wars, opens new tab, but DeepSeek is set to have lasting and significant implications, observers say. It is also a timely reminder of why companies and investors need to consider ESG risks, and other factors such as geopolitics, in their investment strategies.

“The DeepSeek saga is a fascinating inflection point in AI’s trajectory, raising ESG questions that extend beyond energy and market concentration,” Peter Huang, co-founder of Openware AI, said in an emailed response to questions.

DeepSeek put the cat among the pigeons by announcing that it had developed its model for around $6 million, a thousandth of the cost of some other AI models, while also using far fewer chips and much less energy.

Camden Woollven, group head of AI product marketing at IT governance and compliance group GRC International, said in an email that “smaller companies and developers who couldn’t compete before can now get in the game …. It’s like we’re seeing a democratisation of AI development. And the efficiency gains are significant as they’re achieving similar results with much less computing power, which has huge implications for both costs and environmental impact.”

The impact on AI stocks and companies associated with the sector was severe. Chipmaker Nvidia lost almost $600 billion in market capitalisation after the DeepSeek announcement on fears that demand for its chips would be lower, but there was also a 20-30% drop in some energy stocks, said Stephen Deadman, UK associate partner at consultancy Sia.

As Reuters reported, power producers were among the biggest winners in the S&P 500 last year, buoyed by expectations of ballooning demand from data centres to scale artificial intelligence technologies, yet they saw the biggest-ever one-day drops after the DeepSeek announcement.

One reason for the massive sell-off was the timing – no-one was expecting such a breakthrough, nor for it to come from China. But DeepSeek also upended the prevailing narrative of how AI would develop, and who the winners would be.

Tom Vazdar, professor of cybersecurity and AI at Open Institute of Technology (OPIT), pointed out in an email that it called into question the premise behind the Stargate Project,, opens new tab a $500 billion joint venture by OpenAI, SoftBank and Oracle to build AI infrastructure in the U.S., which was announced with great fanfare by Donald Trump just days before DeepSeek’s announcement.

“Stargate has been premised on the notion that breakthroughs in AI require massive compute and expensive, proprietary infrastructure,” Vazdar said in an email.

There are also dangers in markets being dominated by such a small group of tech companies. As Abbie Llewellyn-Waters, Investment manager at Jupiter Asset Management, pointed out in a research note, the “Magnificent Seven” tech stocks had accounted for nearly 60% of the index’s gains over the previous two years. The group of mega-caps comprised more than a third of the S&P 500’s total value in December 2024.

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